Orbital mechanics - Orbitálna mechanika

Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. It is a core discipline within space mission design and control. Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbital dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity, including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems, planets, moons and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbit plane changes, and interplanetary transfers, and is used by mission planners to predict the results of propulsive maneuvers. General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and is sometimes necessary for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (such as orbits close to the Sun).

Astrodynamika alebo orbitálna mechanika je vedný odbor zaoberajúci sa štúdiom pohybu rakiet, striel a kozmických lodí pomocou Newtonových pohybových zákonov, gravitačného zákona a Keplerových zákonov. Je to odbor nebeskej mechaniky.

Newtonov gravitačný zákon                Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newtonove pohybové zákony             Newton's laws of motion
Keplerove zákony                                  Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Zákon zachovania orbitálnej energie Vis-viva equation
Úniková rýchlosť
Obežná dráha

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