BepiColombo

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Artist’s concept of the BepiColombo spacecraft. Credit: Airbus Defense and Space





Elements of the BepiColombo Mercury Composite Spacecraft. From bottom to top: the Mercury Transfer Module (MTM), Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), Magnetospheric Orbiter Sunshield and Interface Structure (MOSIF), and Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). The spacecraft are shown with solar arrays and instruments deployed. Credit: ESA/ATG medialab


Artist's depiction of the BepiColombo mission, with the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (left) and Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (right)

Mission typePlanetary science
OperatorESA · JAXA
Websitesci.esa.int/bepicolombo/
global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/bepi/
Mission durationPlanned: 7 years
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerAirbus · ISAS
Launch mass4,100 kg (9,040 lb)[1]
BOL massMPO: 1,230 kg (2,710 lb)[1]
Mio: 255 kg (560 lb)[1]
Dry mass2,700 kg (5,950 lb)[1]
DimensionsMPO: 2.4 × 2.2 × 1.7 m[1]
     (7.9 × 7.2 × 5.6 ft)
Mio: 1.8 × 1.1 m[1]
     (5.9 × 3.6 ft)
PowerMPO: 150 W
Mio: 90 W
Start of mission
Launch date20 October 2018, 01:45 UTC
RocketAriane 5 ECA (VA245)
Launch siteGuiana Space Centre[2]
ContractorArianespace
Mercury orbiter
Spacecraft componentMercury Planetary Orbiter
Orbital insertionPlanned: 5 December 2025
Orbit parameters
Perihermion480 km (300 mi)
Apohermion1,500 km (930 mi)
Inclination90°
Mercury orbiter
Spacecraft componentMercury Magnetospheric Orbiter
Orbital insertionPlanned: 5 December 2025
Orbit parameters
Perihermion590 km (370 mi)
Apohermion11,640 km (7,230 mi)
Inclination90°
BepiColombo mission insignia
ESA solar system insignia for BepiColombo

DateMission event
October 2018Launch
13 April 2020Earth flyby
16 October 2020First Venus flyby
11 August 2021Second Venus flyby
2 October 2021First Mercury flyby
23 June 2022Second Mercury flyby
20 June 2023Third Mercury flyby
5 September 2024Fourth Mercury flyby
2 December 2024Fifth Mercury flyby
9 January 2025Sixth Mercury flyby
5 December 2025Arrival at Mercury
14 March 2026MPO in final orbit
1 May 2027End of nominal mission
1 May 2028End of extended mission


SPACECRAFT

The BepiColombo mission is based on two spacecraft: the ESA-led Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), a three-axis stabilised and nadir pointing spacecraft with an instrument suite of 11 experiments and instruments, and the JAXA-led Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO), a spinning spacecraft carrying a payload of five experiments and instruments. A summary of the spacecraft characteristics is given in the table below.

Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO)Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO)
Stabilisation3-axis stabilised15-rpm spin-stabilised
OrientationNadir pointingSpin axis at 90° to Sun
OrbitPolar orbit, period of 2.3 h
480 × 1500 km		Polar orbit, period of 9.3 h
590 × 11 640 km
Spacecraft Mass4100 kg (at launch)
1150 kg (in Mercury orbit)		275 kg (in Mercury orbit)
Payload Mass80 kg45 kg
Payload Power100-150 W90 W
TM bandX/Ka-bandX-band
Data volume (downlink)1550 Gbits/year160 Gbits/year
Equivalent average data rate50 kbits/s5 kbits/s
AntennaHigh-temperature resistant 1.0 m X/Ka-band high-gain steerable antenna0.8 m X-band phased array high-gain antenna
Operational lifetime> 1 year> 1 year





FLIGHT VA245: ARIANESPACE TO DELIVER BEPICOLOMBO, EUROPE’S FIRST MISSION TO MERCURY, FOR ESA AND JAXA

Launch

An Ariane 5 ECA, performing Arianespace mission VA245, boosted the joint ESA/JAXA BepiColumbo spacecraft pair into solar orbit from Kourou on October 20, 2018. Liftoff from ELA 3 took place at 01:45 UTC. The ESC-A upper stage performed a single 15 minute 51 second burn to push the 4,081 kg payload to a velocity relative to earth of about 10,155 meters/second (v_inertial 10.668) at a 1,449 km altitude (. Payload separation occurred 26 minutes 47 seconds after Vulcain 2 ignition.

The Airbus Defence and Space built satellite is also called the Mercury Composite Spacecraft. It consists of the Mercury Transfer Module, the ESA-developed Mercury Planetary Orbiter, the JAXA-developed Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, and the MMO Sunshield and Interface Structure.

BepiColombo will orbit the sun for seven years, flying by Earth once, Venus twice, and Mercury six times, before entering orbit around Mercury. It will be captured by Mercury's gravity in late 2025, after jettisoning its solar-electric thruster MTM. The spacecraft will then descend into orbit around Mercury using a chemical propulsion engine in the MPO. The MPO and MMO will separate into different elliptical polar orbits, the MMO at 590 x 11,640 km and MPO at 480 x 1,500 km.






BepiColombo Mission :
  1. launch and early orbit phase, LEOP (2)
  2. near Earth commisioning phase, NECP (2)
  3. interplanetary cruise phase (3)
  4. Mercury approach phase (4)
  5. Mercury orbit phase (5)




https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi
bc_mpo_fcp_00023_20181020_20251102_v01 2018-Oct-20 02:14 2025-Nov-02 08:30
v=10.668674 km/s and distance 7 835.42 km
result
C3=12.055 km2/s2
v_inf = 3.472 km/s











Artist's rendition of BepiColombo's MPO and MMO spacecraft in their respective Mercury orbits (image credit: ESA, C. Carreau)


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BepiColombo

https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/b/bepicolombo





https://slideplayer.com/slide/3362259/

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