About physics and cosmonautics

Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft . The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation . It is a core discipline within space mission design and control. Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbital dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity , including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems, planets , moons and comets . Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories , including orbital maneuvers , orbit plane changes, and interplanetary transfers, and is used by mission planners to predict the results of propulsive maneuvers . General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and is sometimes necessary for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (such as orbits c...

Psyche  is a planned orbiter mission that will explore the origin of  planetary cores  by studying the metallic asteroid  16 Psyche . Lindy Elkins-Tanton  of  Arizona State University  is the  Principal Investigator  who proposed this mission for NASA's  Discovery Program . NASA's  Jet Propulsion Laboratory  (JPL) will manage the project. 16 Psyche is the heaviest known  M-type asteroid , and is thought to be the exposed  iron core  of a  protoplanet . This  asteroid may be the remnant of a violent collision with another object that stripped off the outer  crust . Radar observations of the asteroid from Earth indicate an iron–nickel composition. On January 4, 2017, the  Psyche  mission was chosen along with the  Lucy mission  as NASA's next Discovery-class missions. Psyche https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=16 https://en.wikip...

Lucy: The First Mission to Jupiter’s Trojans During the course of its mission, Lucy will fly by six Jupiter Trojans. This time-lapsed animation shows the movements of the inner planets (Mercury, brown; Venus, white; Earth, blue; Mars, red), Jupiter (orange), and the two Trojan swarms (green) during the course of the Lucy mission. Credits: Astronomical Institute of CAS/Petr Scheirich (used with permission) Lucy's orbital path This diagram illustrates Lucy's orbital path. The spacecraft’s path (green) is shown in a frame of reference where Jupiter remains stationary, giving the trajectory its pretzel-like shape. After launch in October 2021, Lucy has two close Earth flybys before encountering its Trojan targets. In the L4 cloud Lucy will fly by (3548) Eurybates (white), (15094) Polymele (pink), (11351) Leucus (red), and (21900) Orus (red) from 2027-2028. After diving past Earth again Lucy will visit the L5 cloud and encounter the (617) Patroclus-Menoetius b...

Artist’s concept of the BepiColombo spacecraft. Credit: Airbus Defense and Space Elements of the BepiColombo Mercury Composite Spacecraft. From bottom to top: the Mercury Transfer Module (MTM), Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), Magnetospheric Orbiter Sunshield and Interface Structure (MOSIF), and Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). The spacecraft are shown with solar arrays and instruments deployed. Credit: ESA/ATG medialab Artist's depiction of the BepiColombo mission, with the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (left) and Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (right) Mission type Planetary science Operator ESA   ·   JAXA Website sci .esa .int /bepicolombo / global .jaxa .jp /projects /sat /bepi / Mission duration Planned: 7 years Spacecraft properties Manufacturer Airbus   ·   ISAS Launch mass 4,100 kg (9,040 lb) [1] BOL mass MPO: 1,230 kg (2,710 lb) [1] Mio : 255 kg (560 lb) [1] Dry mass 2,70...

Gravitačný manéver v kozmonautike a nebeskej mechanike znamená využitie preletu sondy gravitačným poľom planéty alebo iného astronomického objektu na zmenu rýchlosti a smeru umelého kozmického telesa. Pri prelete za planétou (sonda prekríži obežnú dráhu planéty po prelete planéty) ide o urýchlenie sondy - gravitačné zrýchlenie , pri prelete  pred planétu  (sonda prekríži obežnú dráhu planéty pred preletom planéty) o brzdenie sondy - gravitačné brzdenie , pri prelete pod alebo nad  planétou ide o zmenu sklonu dráhy . Gravitačné zrýchlenie (prelet za planétou) sa používa väčšinou na let k vonkajším planétam  a iným telesám  Slnečnej sústavy  za obežnou dráhou Zeme. Šetrí sa tak palivo, alebo realizujú lety, ktoré by boli bez nich nemožné. Gravitačné brzdenie (prelet pred planétou) sa používa väčšinou na let k vnútorným planétam . Gravitačný manéver okolo planéty mení rýchlosť sondy voči Slnku, ale zachováva jej rýchlosť...

Wikipedia  Hayabusa2   Hayabusa2 na slovenskej wikipedii Mission type Asteroid  sample return Operator JAXA COSPAR ID 2014-076A SATCAT  no. 40319 Website global .jaxa .jp /projects /sat /hayabusa2 / Spacecraft properties Manufacturer NEC [1] Launch mass 609 kg (1,343 lb) Dimensions 1 × 1.6 × 1.25 m (3.3 × 5.2 × 4.1 ft) (spacecraft core), 6 m × 4.23 m (19.7 ft × 13.9 ft) (solar panel) Power 2.6 kW (at 1  au ), 1.4 kW (at 1.4 au) Start of mission Launch date 3 December 2014, 04:22 UTC [2] Rocket H-IIA  202 Launch site LA-Y ,  Tanegashima Space Center End of mission Landing date December 2020 (planned) Landing site Woomera, Australia Flyby of  Earth Closest approach 3 December 2015 Distance 3,090 km (1,920 mi) [3] (162173) Ryugu  orbiter Orbital insertion June 27, 2018, 09:35 UTC [4] Orbital departure...